MIGRAIN: Hesmondhalgh - The Cultural Industries

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 1.) The term "cultural industries" refers to the creation, process and distribution on products of cultural or artistic nature.

2.) Hesmondhalgh acknowledges that the media does have an impact on their audiences interpretations of things due to the medias potential biases. Audiences spend large amounts of time consuming and experiencing things provided by these media companies and this is what gives them their money. 

3.) In contemporary societies the media tends to supply ideologies which challenge capitalism and inequalities and race. 

4.) Risky business, commerce vs creativity and high production cost: low reproduction cost

5.) Because those risky businesses are often unpredictable and and use cultural commodities in high volatile in order to express their differences from others. Risks of consumerism also add to the risk factor due to the limited autonomy and the companies reliance on other cultural companies to make audiences aware of new products.  

6.) From a moral point of view, I think that media companies should mainly focus on the create aspects of their creations however knowing the reality of large cultural industries I know that creativity will always be a second thought, commerce being the first. I can argue both for and against the idea of commence since I can acknowledge that to have total creative freedom a lot of money would be needed which would set a big focus on gaining that money through current projects so that later ones can have more creative freedom. However I can also acknowledge that most freely creative pieces of media have had very low budgets and have been able to think outside the box with how to achieve such a high and unique level of creativity to which bigger and wealthier cultural industries are apparently unable to replicate in their own ways. 

7.) To lower companies risks they use a vertical and horizontal strategy where they control different supplies to increase desire for their product and to maximise profit they invest highly into advertisement. 

8.) I think that cultural industries do not reflect the worlds injustice enough at all and I do believe those smaller independent creators should have to be paid more or at least a just amount for spreading the reality of unjustness to others. 

9.) The loss of unique visual effect companies despite movies having large budgets is due to the broken business model.

10.) Commodification is where objects or services are transformed into commodities, producing things not only for their use but also exchange. 

11.) I do agree that for the large number of media companies there are there is not enough reflection of diversity and reality to audiences and I believe that this is mainly due to censorship of big cultural industries. 

12.) Cultural industries are no longer seen as to second the real economy. Digitalisation had multiplied the way audiences can gain access to cultural content. Powerful IT and technological advances have been made for these cultural industries to understand and produce these cultural contents. I think that the development of the technological advances are the most impactful due to it's effect on cultural industries.  

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