Audience Theory 1

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 Hypodermic Needle Model

1.) The article suggests that violent video games produce violent behaviour in those who play it, linking to the idea of the hypodermic needle theory, the game injecting violent prompts into the audiences consciousness.

2.) The daily mail enforces their views on the situation before they actually introduce the situation without a bias first, meaning the audience already has a bias towards the case before even truly learning about the situation. This relates to the hypodermic needle model since the daily mail is injecting their view into readers.

3.) I think the reliability of the hypodermic needle theory all depends on the gullibility and passiveness of the audience consuming the media. For example if a young 4 year old decided to play a game like call of duty they'd obviously soon display violent behaviour since at a young age you are more prone to being gullible and unable to differentiate from real life and fiction. However if a 23 year old who has more maturity and a consciousness of different expectations (on games and in real life) they will not be as passive as the four year old would be and would most likely not display the same violent behaviour. 


Two-step Flow Model

1.) The two-step flow model suggests that we are mainly influenced by people, Paul F Lazarsfeld called these people opinion leader. These people in media control/influence the audiences opinions. 

2.) Taylor Swift would be considered an opinion leader since she happens to have a large influence of her audience, causing them to follow her opinions/ideologies. 

3.) I think that this theory is still useful today since "opinion leaders" still have a say on their audiences opinions (for example politicians). 

Uses and Gratifications

1.) SURVEILLANCE: I think that news channels are a good example since they provide useful, like BBC news information for life 

PERSONAL LIFE: I think that a lot of different pieces of media allow audiences to find themselves being reflected through characters, however my personal favourite is Resident Evil, a video game. There are a plethora of characters that an audience can see themselves reflected as. 

DIVERSION: I think a good escape from everyday problems/routines or simply entertainment is a soap opera like Friends.

PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS: I think that a good piece of media that uses emotional interactions to make an audience develop affections/sympathy for characters is Arcane. 


Dependency Theory 

1.) With the raise of AI I do agree that audiences are becoming more dependent on the media, this is due to the rise of gullibility, particularly older/very young audiences falling for AI video scams.  

2.) I think during the past 15 years dependency on the media has grown since digital media is so much more accessible and easily accessible than it was 15 years ago. 

3.) I honestly do not think I am gullible enough to be severally emotionally affected by what I see on the media. However for a more gullible audience I think that social media can affect it's audience in a both negative and positive way. I think the negative is stronger than the positive however, I say this because when a positive piece of media is publicised it is not long lasting (for example a funny cat video), however when a negative affecting piece of media is shared it is more long lasting and lingers in the audiences consciousness for longer (for example video footage from a genocide/war). 


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